Therapists in Dover, NH

Photo of Hollie Crosbie, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Dover, NH
Hollie Crosbie
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Dover, NH 03820
Hollie Crosbie is a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker in New Hampshire who has been practicing since 1998. Hollie brings many years of experience in providing therapy in the office setting as well as practical experience being in the field. She has spent many years working with a multitude of diverse situations and populations. This has put her in a beneficial position as we come out of a most taxing time in our country and all individuals having experienced the pandemic and anxieties that have come along side of this.
Hollie Crosbie is a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker in New Hampshire who has been practicing since 1998. Hollie brings many years of experience in providing therapy in the office setting as well as practical experience being in the field. She has spent many years working with a multitude of diverse situations and populations. This has put her in a beneficial position as we come out of a most taxing time in our country and all individuals having experienced the pandemic and anxieties that have come along side of this.
(603) 207-8753 View (603) 207-8753
Photo of Caitlin Eldridge, Counselor in Dover, NH
Caitlin Eldridge
Counselor, LCMHC, PLLC
Verified Verified
Dover, NH 03820
Not accepting new clients
I work with children (ages 10 and up), teens, young adults, and families. I especially enjoy helping teens and young adults who feel stuck or overwhelmed in their day-to-day life despite being hardworking and empathetic. Often, my clients are looking to be heard, validated, and reminded that they are the experts on themselves and their experiences have shaped who they are today. If you’re feeling down, stressed or not quite like yourself, please know that change is possible.
I work with children (ages 10 and up), teens, young adults, and families. I especially enjoy helping teens and young adults who feel stuck or overwhelmed in their day-to-day life despite being hardworking and empathetic. Often, my clients are looking to be heard, validated, and reminded that they are the experts on themselves and their experiences have shaped who they are today. If you’re feeling down, stressed or not quite like yourself, please know that change is possible.
(617) 420-6562 View (617) 420-6562
Photo of Marci Blanchette, Counselor in Dover, NH
Marci Blanchette
Counselor, LCMHC, MLADC
Verified Verified
Dover, NH 03820  (Online Only)
Are you navigating a difficult life transition? Experiencing anxiety, depression, or relationship challenges? Feeling disconnected from your work and family? Together we will identify and utilize your inner resources to help cultivate a mindset of awareness and self-compassion. I offer a safe, non-judgmental space for you to explore how your current life circumstances can act as a vehicle for learning. Reach out today!
Are you navigating a difficult life transition? Experiencing anxiety, depression, or relationship challenges? Feeling disconnected from your work and family? Together we will identify and utilize your inner resources to help cultivate a mindset of awareness and self-compassion. I offer a safe, non-judgmental space for you to explore how your current life circumstances can act as a vehicle for learning. Reach out today!
(603) 294-1935 View (603) 294-1935
Photo of Emily (Raiche) Marquez, Psychologist in Dover, NH
Emily (Raiche) Marquez
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Dover, NH 03820
Dr. Marquez earned her Bachelor of Arts degree in Psychology from Boston College and her Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy in Counseling Psychology with a specialty in Child and Family Psychology from the University of North Texas. During her training, Dr. Marquez worked in community mental health, integrated care facilities, community advocacy, college counseling, residential treatment, and the Veterans Affairs health care system. Dr. Marquez has over 7 years of experience in providing brief and long-term therapy to children, adolescents, and adults.
Dr. Marquez earned her Bachelor of Arts degree in Psychology from Boston College and her Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy in Counseling Psychology with a specialty in Child and Family Psychology from the University of North Texas. During her training, Dr. Marquez worked in community mental health, integrated care facilities, community advocacy, college counseling, residential treatment, and the Veterans Affairs health care system. Dr. Marquez has over 7 years of experience in providing brief and long-term therapy to children, adolescents, and adults.
(207) 945-8172 View (207) 945-8172
Photo of Molly Vaillincourt Certified Ifs Therapist, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Dover, NH
Molly Vaillincourt Certified Ifs Therapist
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, MLADC
Verified Verified
Dover, NH 03820
Not accepting new clients
I struggled with depression, anxiety, and ADHD, suicide ideation. I’ve had a long journey of healing. As a counselor, I now use tools I’ve learned to help others. I will help you to stop distracting and avoiding yourself, as you strive to gain a deeper understanding of the “why’s” of your feelings and behaviors. As we work together, you’ll learn to work with yourself instead of against.
I struggled with depression, anxiety, and ADHD, suicide ideation. I’ve had a long journey of healing. As a counselor, I now use tools I’ve learned to help others. I will help you to stop distracting and avoiding yourself, as you strive to gain a deeper understanding of the “why’s” of your feelings and behaviors. As we work together, you’ll learn to work with yourself instead of against.
(603) 945-8390 View (603) 945-8390
Photo of Rebecca Rouse, Psychologist in Dover, NH
Rebecca Rouse
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Dover, NH 03820
Not accepting new clients
PRACTICE IS FULL. I practice from a primarily cognitive-behavioral approach. Treatment typically includes challenging unhelpful beliefs about yourself, others and the world. Exposure and Response Prevention is typically used as the first line of treatment for OCD, OCD related disorders and anxiety disorders. I also incorporate Acceptance and Commitment, Dialectical Behavioral, and Relational therapies. Any behavior is an intention to sustain the self; yet many times the preserving behavior exacerbates the distress, fear, sadness, or anger.
PRACTICE IS FULL. I practice from a primarily cognitive-behavioral approach. Treatment typically includes challenging unhelpful beliefs about yourself, others and the world. Exposure and Response Prevention is typically used as the first line of treatment for OCD, OCD related disorders and anxiety disorders. I also incorporate Acceptance and Commitment, Dialectical Behavioral, and Relational therapies. Any behavior is an intention to sustain the self; yet many times the preserving behavior exacerbates the distress, fear, sadness, or anger.
(603) 606-9816 View (603) 606-9816
Photo of Trent Call, Marriage & Family Therapist in Dover, NH
Trent Call
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
Dover, NH 03820
I am continuously inspired by those that navigate life's most difficult circumstances and still take steps to find healing. Engaging in therapy with someone you feel comfortable with is essential for therapeutic progress. I strive to provide a safe and non-judgmental environment for individuals, couples and families where each person can engage in the therapeutic process. Combined with a customized treatment plan you'll gain an increased feeling of safety, confidence, and connection as you learn the tools you need to improve connection, communication, and heal from trauma.
I am continuously inspired by those that navigate life's most difficult circumstances and still take steps to find healing. Engaging in therapy with someone you feel comfortable with is essential for therapeutic progress. I strive to provide a safe and non-judgmental environment for individuals, couples and families where each person can engage in the therapeutic process. Combined with a customized treatment plan you'll gain an increased feeling of safety, confidence, and connection as you learn the tools you need to improve connection, communication, and heal from trauma.
(603) 945-1639 View (603) 945-1639
Photo of Karen A Haines, Counselor in Dover, NH
Karen A Haines
Counselor, MA, LCMHC
Verified Verified
Dover, NH 03820
I have been working with children, preteens, teens, and adults for over 25 years. My areas of expertise include working with youth and adults with anxiety, low self-esteem, poor coping skills, as well as life transitions, family conflicts and parenting challenges. My root philosophy is cognitive-behaviorally based (our thoughts & behaviors are connected and affect each other). I use an eclectic approach using tools from a wide range of theories. I'm committed to treating the whole person and not just a diagnosis or label.
I have been working with children, preteens, teens, and adults for over 25 years. My areas of expertise include working with youth and adults with anxiety, low self-esteem, poor coping skills, as well as life transitions, family conflicts and parenting challenges. My root philosophy is cognitive-behaviorally based (our thoughts & behaviors are connected and affect each other). I use an eclectic approach using tools from a wide range of theories. I'm committed to treating the whole person and not just a diagnosis or label.
(603) 509-9606 View (603) 509-9606
Photo of White Birch Recovery Services, Drug & Alcohol Counselor in Dover, NH
White Birch Recovery Services
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LICSW, MLADC
Verified Verified
Dover, NH 03820
I am honored to be able to provide clinical services to those suffering from Substance Use Disorders. My ideal in practice is to form a strong, collaborative, therapeutic relationship with my clients. My style is empathetic, compassionate, and direct. I believe that by exploring thoughts, emotions, and maladaptive behavior patterns, we can become more insightful and understanding of ourselves. Through this vulnerable process we are able to create life-long change that will increase self esteem and the ability to form close interpersonal relationships with those we care about.
I am honored to be able to provide clinical services to those suffering from Substance Use Disorders. My ideal in practice is to form a strong, collaborative, therapeutic relationship with my clients. My style is empathetic, compassionate, and direct. I believe that by exploring thoughts, emotions, and maladaptive behavior patterns, we can become more insightful and understanding of ourselves. Through this vulnerable process we are able to create life-long change that will increase self esteem and the ability to form close interpersonal relationships with those we care about.
(603) 369-4225 View (603) 369-4225
Photo of Jennifer St Pierre, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Dover, NH
Jennifer St Pierre
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Dover, NH 03820
My telehealth practice focuses on helping those experiencing anxiety, isolation, grief, difficulty with life transitions, and issues of aging. I have extended experience working with older adults, and their families, with issues including loss of role, purpose, changes in health and independence. Good collaboration can offer support and clarity, to help make positive change.
My telehealth practice focuses on helping those experiencing anxiety, isolation, grief, difficulty with life transitions, and issues of aging. I have extended experience working with older adults, and their families, with issues including loss of role, purpose, changes in health and independence. Good collaboration can offer support and clarity, to help make positive change.
(862) 305-9675 View (862) 305-9675
Photo of Hannah Joy McDuffee, Pre-Licensed Professional in Dover, NH
Hannah Joy McDuffee
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA-CMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Dover, NH 03821  (Online Only)
Do you feel there are areas of your life you can personally work on improving for your own mental wellbeing or looking for help for your teenager? Do you acknowledge the importance of self-care, finding a healthy balance in your life and ready to be proactive about it? Would you like to try new things like alternative therapies while also incorporating traditional evidence based approaches? If so, please reach out to see if we are a good fit! I have 10 years of experience with a wide array of clients from seniors, adults, LGBTQ+ and especially teenagers and parents who simply want to be better at balancing life in any and many ways.
Do you feel there are areas of your life you can personally work on improving for your own mental wellbeing or looking for help for your teenager? Do you acknowledge the importance of self-care, finding a healthy balance in your life and ready to be proactive about it? Would you like to try new things like alternative therapies while also incorporating traditional evidence based approaches? If so, please reach out to see if we are a good fit! I have 10 years of experience with a wide array of clients from seniors, adults, LGBTQ+ and especially teenagers and parents who simply want to be better at balancing life in any and many ways.
(603) 945-2180 View (603) 945-2180
Photo of Kirsten May, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Dover, NH
Kirsten May
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Dover, NH 03820  (Online Only)
As you embark on the journey of seeking therapy, I extend to you a warm and heartfelt welcome. Within the sacred space of therapy, I offer you a sanctuary—a haven where your struggles are met with compassion, your pain is held with tenderness, and your journey toward healing is honored with reverence. In our shared journey of exploration and transformation, I stand as your ally, your advocate, and your guide. Together, we embark on a collaborative odyssey—a journey of self-discovery, growth, and empowerment. Here, amidst the ebb and flow of life's complexities, you are not alone.
As you embark on the journey of seeking therapy, I extend to you a warm and heartfelt welcome. Within the sacred space of therapy, I offer you a sanctuary—a haven where your struggles are met with compassion, your pain is held with tenderness, and your journey toward healing is honored with reverence. In our shared journey of exploration and transformation, I stand as your ally, your advocate, and your guide. Together, we embark on a collaborative odyssey—a journey of self-discovery, growth, and empowerment. Here, amidst the ebb and flow of life's complexities, you are not alone.
(888) 340-1991 View (888) 340-1991
Photo of Chelsea Mayo, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Dover, NH
Chelsea Mayo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Dover, NH 03820
Chelsea Mayo is a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker in New Hampshire who has over 5 years of experience working in the mental health field. She obtained a Master of Social Work (MSW) from the University of New Hampshire in 2019. During this time, she completed internships at an intensive outpatient program for addiction recovery and a community mental health center. She continued to work in community mental health until beginning at Lifestance in 2023.
Chelsea Mayo is a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker in New Hampshire who has over 5 years of experience working in the mental health field. She obtained a Master of Social Work (MSW) from the University of New Hampshire in 2019. During this time, she completed internships at an intensive outpatient program for addiction recovery and a community mental health center. She continued to work in community mental health until beginning at Lifestance in 2023.
(603) 803-4813 View (603) 803-4813
Photo of Dana Somers, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Dover, NH
Dana Somers
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Dover, NH 03820
Currently accepting new clients. My passion is working with teens and parents to help them work through communication issues and promote healthy structure and safety within the home. I have 18 plus years experience working on an inpatient mental health setting assisting teens and their caregivers. I would love to help you and or your teen work through any negative communication patterns or high risk behaviors that are getting in the way of a healthy life at home. I work with individuals, teens, parents and families. Please reach out to see if I would be a good fit for you.
Currently accepting new clients. My passion is working with teens and parents to help them work through communication issues and promote healthy structure and safety within the home. I have 18 plus years experience working on an inpatient mental health setting assisting teens and their caregivers. I would love to help you and or your teen work through any negative communication patterns or high risk behaviors that are getting in the way of a healthy life at home. I work with individuals, teens, parents and families. Please reach out to see if I would be a good fit for you.
(978) 352-0737 View (978) 352-0737
Photo of Elizabeth Key, Counselor in Dover, NH
Elizabeth Key
Counselor, LCMHC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Dover, NH 03820  (Online Only)
I am Elle, an LCMHC and podcast host in New Hampshire and Maine. I help people find the connection they long for. I do this by working with Couples Intensively. I specialize with Neurodivergent Couples. Using my unique skills set with a background in brain science and narrative therapy, I additionally work with people looking to address: Anxiety, Spiritual and Emotional Abuse, Body Image Family of Origin Trauma, Relationship Issues, and Faith-based Perspectives on Mental health. To listen to my podcast, The Phoenix Effect, go to your favorite podcast platform.
I am Elle, an LCMHC and podcast host in New Hampshire and Maine. I help people find the connection they long for. I do this by working with Couples Intensively. I specialize with Neurodivergent Couples. Using my unique skills set with a background in brain science and narrative therapy, I additionally work with people looking to address: Anxiety, Spiritual and Emotional Abuse, Body Image Family of Origin Trauma, Relationship Issues, and Faith-based Perspectives on Mental health. To listen to my podcast, The Phoenix Effect, go to your favorite podcast platform.
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Photo of Jennifer Golia, LMFT, PLLC, Marriage & Family Therapist in Dover, NH
Jennifer Golia, LMFT, PLLC
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Dover, NH 03820
Not accepting new clients
My practice is currently FULL. Are you feeling stuck or struggling with a difficult experience that you have had? Has it been hard to fully engage in present day relationships because of events from your past? Are you struggling with worry or feeling down? Do you want to improve your relationship with your partner or with your child/teenager? My goal as a therapist is to work in a collaborative manner to empower clients to reach their goals. It is a privilege to help people improve their lives and their relationships.
My practice is currently FULL. Are you feeling stuck or struggling with a difficult experience that you have had? Has it been hard to fully engage in present day relationships because of events from your past? Are you struggling with worry or feeling down? Do you want to improve your relationship with your partner or with your child/teenager? My goal as a therapist is to work in a collaborative manner to empower clients to reach their goals. It is a privilege to help people improve their lives and their relationships.
(603) 262-1703 View (603) 262-1703
Photo of Shoreline Counseling Group- Emily Walsh, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Dover, NH
Shoreline Counseling Group- Emily Walsh
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Dover, NH 03820
I am a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker with over a decade of experience working with individuals, couples and families. The majority of my counseling experience is in the areas of depression, anxiety and couples counseling. I work with clients to help build awareness of current feelings of anxiety, grief, anger and other forms of distress and to make connections to their own past experiences, allowing for healing to occur.
I am a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker with over a decade of experience working with individuals, couples and families. The majority of my counseling experience is in the areas of depression, anxiety and couples counseling. I work with clients to help build awareness of current feelings of anxiety, grief, anger and other forms of distress and to make connections to their own past experiences, allowing for healing to occur.
(603) 460-5945 View (603) 460-5945
Photo of Kathryn Lachance, Counselor in Dover, NH
Kathryn Lachance
Counselor, LCMHC
Verified Verified
Dover, NH 03820
Kate Lachance is a Licensed Mental Health Counselor in New Hampshire who has been practicing since 2014. She holds a Master’s Degree in Counseling. Kate works with clients aged 18-40 and believes in treating the mind, body and spirit from a strengths-based perspective using positive psychology, mindfulness principles, and existential philosophy. In her spare time, Kate is a competitive West Coast Swing Dancer and enjoys paddling in the summer, hiking in the fall, and running year-round.
Kate Lachance is a Licensed Mental Health Counselor in New Hampshire who has been practicing since 2014. She holds a Master’s Degree in Counseling. Kate works with clients aged 18-40 and believes in treating the mind, body and spirit from a strengths-based perspective using positive psychology, mindfulness principles, and existential philosophy. In her spare time, Kate is a competitive West Coast Swing Dancer and enjoys paddling in the summer, hiking in the fall, and running year-round.
(603) 605-1476 View (603) 605-1476
Photo of Erika J Bernier-hockenhull, Counselor in Dover, NH
Erika J Bernier-hockenhull
Counselor, MA, LCMHC
Verified Verified
Dover, NH 03820
I enjoy working with a variety of people, from children through adolescence and adults. I have a supportive nature and enjoy using cognitive behavioral techniques to address concerns such as anxiety, depression, self-esteem, relationship issues, and general life stressors. I believe in empowering others to find their own unique solutions. I also provide family and couples therapy. I believe I can offer strengths-focused guidance, and also a toolbox of skills.
I enjoy working with a variety of people, from children through adolescence and adults. I have a supportive nature and enjoy using cognitive behavioral techniques to address concerns such as anxiety, depression, self-esteem, relationship issues, and general life stressors. I believe in empowering others to find their own unique solutions. I also provide family and couples therapy. I believe I can offer strengths-focused guidance, and also a toolbox of skills.
(603) 239-2492 View (603) 239-2492
Photo of Mary Sanker, Counselor in Dover, NH
Mary Sanker
Counselor, LCMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Dover, NH 03820  (Online Only)
You want to appear successful & like you have it all together but deep down are struggling to feel confident in who you are or cope with challenging experiences that have occurred in your life. The pressure from everyone and everything feels crushing and you find yourself feeling isolated from others. One thing is for sure: you’re ready for some relief. You’re ready to enjoy life without your anxiety getting in the way. You’re ready to find joy in the day-to-day again. You’re ready for a new “normal,” and I can help you.
You want to appear successful & like you have it all together but deep down are struggling to feel confident in who you are or cope with challenging experiences that have occurred in your life. The pressure from everyone and everything feels crushing and you find yourself feeling isolated from others. One thing is for sure: you’re ready for some relief. You’re ready to enjoy life without your anxiety getting in the way. You’re ready to find joy in the day-to-day again. You’re ready for a new “normal,” and I can help you.
(855) 619-7192 View (855) 619-7192

See more therapy options for Dover

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Dover, NH

100+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Dover, NH who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
87% Depression
76% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
70% Coping Skills
63% Trauma and PTSD
60% Stress

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

76% Cigna and Evernorth
62% Anthem | Elevance
61% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Dover, NH see their clients

73% In Person and Online
27% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
19% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Dover?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.