Therapists in Chicago, IL

View neighborhoods in Chicago
Photo of Kaori Wander, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Kaori Wander
Counselor, LCPC, BSP
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60604  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I am a reiki attuned art therapist, certified Brainspotting consultant, death doula, yoga teacher. Embodiment, somatic work is a practice towards interpersonal and collective liberation that enriches our compassion for our bodies' personal, generational, collective stories. Neurophysiological states inform the stories we carry. I primarily practice Generational Brainspotting to build regulation, attentively uncover memories, honor grief and joy, with the goal of expanding your capacity for holding generative conflict, clarity, and creativity. It is your birthright to remember fully, your soul origin and purpose.
I am a reiki attuned art therapist, certified Brainspotting consultant, death doula, yoga teacher. Embodiment, somatic work is a practice towards interpersonal and collective liberation that enriches our compassion for our bodies' personal, generational, collective stories. Neurophysiological states inform the stories we carry. I primarily practice Generational Brainspotting to build regulation, attentively uncover memories, honor grief and joy, with the goal of expanding your capacity for holding generative conflict, clarity, and creativity. It is your birthright to remember fully, your soul origin and purpose.
View
Photo of Sam Ege, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Sam Ege
Counselor, MS, LCPC
Verified Verified
9 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60613
If you often catch yourself worrying about the future or dwelling on the past, I imagine you're feeling exhausted, overwhelmed, wanting to feel secure in the present moment. My goal is to meet you right where you are and equip you with the tools to navigate life's challenges, while encouraging you to see things from different lenses in a safe environment where you can be yourself as we journey back to the here and now. My approach is encouraging, collaborative, and conversational in nature. I value authenticity, responsibility, integrity, and empowerment, both in and outside of the therapeutic setting.
If you often catch yourself worrying about the future or dwelling on the past, I imagine you're feeling exhausted, overwhelmed, wanting to feel secure in the present moment. My goal is to meet you right where you are and equip you with the tools to navigate life's challenges, while encouraging you to see things from different lenses in a safe environment where you can be yourself as we journey back to the here and now. My approach is encouraging, collaborative, and conversational in nature. I value authenticity, responsibility, integrity, and empowerment, both in and outside of the therapeutic setting.
(872) 204-1531 View (872) 204-1531
Photo of Karla A Rennhofer, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Karla A Rennhofer
Psychologist, PhD, ABPP, BCETS, PSYPACT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60613  (Online Only)
Hello, and welcome to my page! I work with people who have a wide variety of conditions stemming from relational and environmental stress. I believe that we are naturally programmed to heal, but often we rely on past coping skills that are no longer functional, and this blocks the path to healing. I think every symptom once served a purpose and that change can occur by looking at how and why these symptoms developed, while at the same time trying new behaviors.
Hello, and welcome to my page! I work with people who have a wide variety of conditions stemming from relational and environmental stress. I believe that we are naturally programmed to heal, but often we rely on past coping skills that are no longer functional, and this blocks the path to healing. I think every symptom once served a purpose and that change can occur by looking at how and why these symptoms developed, while at the same time trying new behaviors.
(847) 796-8438 View (847) 796-8438
Photo of Leon Xue, Marriage & Family Therapist in Chicago, IL
Leon Xue
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LPC, ALMFT
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60602
You may find yourself grappling with relationship challenges, feeling disconnected, or navigating the impact of generational trauma. Your desire for understanding, healing, and renewed hope is palpable. You seek to overcome barriers, heal from trauma, and cultivate healthier communication patterns, longing to rediscover joy and vitality in your relationships and life.
You may find yourself grappling with relationship challenges, feeling disconnected, or navigating the impact of generational trauma. Your desire for understanding, healing, and renewed hope is palpable. You seek to overcome barriers, heal from trauma, and cultivate healthier communication patterns, longing to rediscover joy and vitality in your relationships and life.
(773) 900-7136 View (773) 900-7136
Photo of Ariane Allen, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chicago, IL
Ariane Allen
Pre-Licensed Professional, Psy D
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60647
We all sometimes feel we have to handle life on our own, but even the strongest of us can benefit from help. I am passionate about working with individuals to help them know themselves better and experience deeper and healthier relationships with themselves and others. I work with a variety of issues and mental health concerns. These include but are not limited to addictions, relationship concerns, sexuality concerns, low self-esteem, perfectionism, social anxiety, LGBTQA issues, body image difficulties, co-dependency issues, and grief and loss.
We all sometimes feel we have to handle life on our own, but even the strongest of us can benefit from help. I am passionate about working with individuals to help them know themselves better and experience deeper and healthier relationships with themselves and others. I work with a variety of issues and mental health concerns. These include but are not limited to addictions, relationship concerns, sexuality concerns, low self-esteem, perfectionism, social anxiety, LGBTQA issues, body image difficulties, co-dependency issues, and grief and loss.
(773) 362-2863 View (773) 362-2863
Photo of Christina Squiers, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chicago, IL
Christina Squiers
Pre-Licensed Professional, JD, AM
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60602
As a former lawyer turned therapist who has lived in 6 states, I'm no stranger to the winding path life takes us down, and I often connect with high stress business professionals struggling with the demands of the field and folks who are navigating career or other life changes. I’ve had success helping people who are struggling with executive functioning and who may need ADHD coaching. As a non-judgmental and queer therapist, I also feel especially equipped to help queer clients or clients looking to explore their sexuality in a safe space.
As a former lawyer turned therapist who has lived in 6 states, I'm no stranger to the winding path life takes us down, and I often connect with high stress business professionals struggling with the demands of the field and folks who are navigating career or other life changes. I’ve had success helping people who are struggling with executive functioning and who may need ADHD coaching. As a non-judgmental and queer therapist, I also feel especially equipped to help queer clients or clients looking to explore their sexuality in a safe space.
(312) 874-6034 View (312) 874-6034
Photo of Sara Boyd, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Sara Boyd
Counselor, LCPC, MSEd
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60604
Feel like you're on a rollercoaster of emotions and can't get off? Or maybe intrusive OCD thoughts won't leave you alone? Looking for someone skilled in DBT and/or exposure therapy? I'd love to help. My goal is to provide a safe and nonjudgmental space for clients to explore and improve their lives. I am trans-affirming and enjoy working with all letters of the LGBT+ community.
Feel like you're on a rollercoaster of emotions and can't get off? Or maybe intrusive OCD thoughts won't leave you alone? Looking for someone skilled in DBT and/or exposure therapy? I'd love to help. My goal is to provide a safe and nonjudgmental space for clients to explore and improve their lives. I am trans-affirming and enjoy working with all letters of the LGBT+ community.
(630) 793-2705 View (630) 793-2705
Photo of Sheila D Hanrahan, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Sheila D Hanrahan
Counselor, MSW, LCPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60640
Having more than 25-years experience with issues most often brought to therapy, I see our work together as a healing process and sacred journey of the soul with my role being guide, witness and companion on the path towards wholeness, self-empowerment and self-realization. It's often a journey into the unconscious using dreams and one's creative process. This brings a deep commitment to my own growth as well. Beginning in the addictions field and continually striving to deepen my knowledge of the alchemy of healing I am also a Jungian analyst.
Having more than 25-years experience with issues most often brought to therapy, I see our work together as a healing process and sacred journey of the soul with my role being guide, witness and companion on the path towards wholeness, self-empowerment and self-realization. It's often a journey into the unconscious using dreams and one's creative process. This brings a deep commitment to my own growth as well. Beginning in the addictions field and continually striving to deepen my knowledge of the alchemy of healing I am also a Jungian analyst.
(773) 497-2324 View (773) 497-2324
Photo of Hilary Fingerman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Hilary Fingerman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60637
Life is messy and sometimes we need a little help dealing with the pain, confusion, and stress of it all. I am here to do that with you! I will seek to help you feel supported as we collaborate to identify your goals and engage with new tools and explore new strategies to help you better cope with life’s inevitable challenges. We will start where you are at, and I promise to accept and affirm your journey and identities. I will approach each session with empathy, passion, engagement, and openness.
Life is messy and sometimes we need a little help dealing with the pain, confusion, and stress of it all. I am here to do that with you! I will seek to help you feel supported as we collaborate to identify your goals and engage with new tools and explore new strategies to help you better cope with life’s inevitable challenges. We will start where you are at, and I promise to accept and affirm your journey and identities. I will approach each session with empathy, passion, engagement, and openness.
(872) 234-7325 x229 View (872) 234-7325 x229
Photo of Meredith Morphy, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Meredith Morphy
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60601
I believe that therapy should provide the space and support needed to cultivate a life one can find both meaning and happiness in. It is my aim to foster a warm and down to earth environment in which clients can explore, challenge, heal, and nurture their authentic selves.
I believe that therapy should provide the space and support needed to cultivate a life one can find both meaning and happiness in. It is my aim to foster a warm and down to earth environment in which clients can explore, challenge, heal, and nurture their authentic selves.
View
Photo of Rachel Goldfarb, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chicago, IL
Rachel Goldfarb
Pre-Licensed Professional, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60611
Hi and welcome to my page! I’d love to assist you in figuring out the next step in your therapy journey. I believe effective therapy is the result of finding a therapist that’s a good fit for you. I know therapy can seem like an intimidating process to begin, but I hope to show you that it doesn’t have to be.
Hi and welcome to my page! I’d love to assist you in figuring out the next step in your therapy journey. I believe effective therapy is the result of finding a therapist that’s a good fit for you. I know therapy can seem like an intimidating process to begin, but I hope to show you that it doesn’t have to be.
(312) 313-1693 View (312) 313-1693
Photo of Lafayette Bagley, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Lafayette Bagley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSCW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60614
I am passionate about working with adolescents, adults and couples looking to cultivate change. I believe each person seeking therapy is unique, and my approach is tailored to meet your individual needs. I use an integrative approach, drawing upon a variety of techniques including psychodynamic, existential, cognitive behavioral therapy, and mindfulness-based approaches. I have experience working with an array of mental health issues including gender dysphoria, LGBTQIA+ issues, trauma, anxiety, and depression. I have a great deal of experience working with first responders, grief, and high conflict couples.
I am passionate about working with adolescents, adults and couples looking to cultivate change. I believe each person seeking therapy is unique, and my approach is tailored to meet your individual needs. I use an integrative approach, drawing upon a variety of techniques including psychodynamic, existential, cognitive behavioral therapy, and mindfulness-based approaches. I have experience working with an array of mental health issues including gender dysphoria, LGBTQIA+ issues, trauma, anxiety, and depression. I have a great deal of experience working with first responders, grief, and high conflict couples.
(872) 266-8651 View (872) 266-8651
Photo of Susie Moya, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Susie Moya
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, ICDVP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60608
Life can be a journey of transitions and challenges. I recognize that the impact of change can be stressful on the mind and the body. As a bi-cultural therapist, I support individuals adjust to life transitions using culturally informed strength-based and mindful based approaches. I have experience providing trauma therapy to adults who have been affected by interpersonal violence and intergenerational trauma. I also recognize how chronic stress and trauma, as well as cultural factors, influence an individual’s sense of self.
Life can be a journey of transitions and challenges. I recognize that the impact of change can be stressful on the mind and the body. As a bi-cultural therapist, I support individuals adjust to life transitions using culturally informed strength-based and mindful based approaches. I have experience providing trauma therapy to adults who have been affected by interpersonal violence and intergenerational trauma. I also recognize how chronic stress and trauma, as well as cultural factors, influence an individual’s sense of self.
(708) 613-8670 View (708) 613-8670
Photo of Philip Montgomery, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Philip Montgomery
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60611
Philip Montgomery, LPC, PhD, has a track record of delivering high-quality services to individuals with a variety of emotional difficulties. He believes each client's voice needs to be heard and their stories validated to allow them to feel safe so the work can begin. Philip earned an MA in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Roosevelt University and a PhD from the Chicago School of Professional Psychology.
Philip Montgomery, LPC, PhD, has a track record of delivering high-quality services to individuals with a variety of emotional difficulties. He believes each client's voice needs to be heard and their stories validated to allow them to feel safe so the work can begin. Philip earned an MA in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Roosevelt University and a PhD from the Chicago School of Professional Psychology.
(872) 266-3845 View (872) 266-3845
Photo of Megan Lappa, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Megan Lappa
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60601  (Online Only)
Megan’s therapeutic work is influenced by evidenced based best practices such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Exposure and Response Prevention Therapy (ERP), Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). Megan received her Masters in Social Work from Loyola University Chicago. Megan has experience working in an outpatient setting as well as Partial Hospitalization Programs and Intensive Outpatient Programs. She has worked at a Partial Hospitalization Program and Intensive Outpatient Program at Rogers Behavioral Health, conducting individual and group therapy.
Megan’s therapeutic work is influenced by evidenced based best practices such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Exposure and Response Prevention Therapy (ERP), Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). Megan received her Masters in Social Work from Loyola University Chicago. Megan has experience working in an outpatient setting as well as Partial Hospitalization Programs and Intensive Outpatient Programs. She has worked at a Partial Hospitalization Program and Intensive Outpatient Program at Rogers Behavioral Health, conducting individual and group therapy.
(312) 820-9156 View (312) 820-9156
Photo of Samantha Campbell, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Samantha Campbell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60614
I approach my client work with empathy and compassion. It is my hope to meet my clients where they are in order to build a trusting relationship while working together toward each individualized goal. As a therapist, I find most reward in helping clients focus on their strengths and use them to increase self-esteem and sense of purpose. I have a history of working with children, families and adults from diverse backgrounds. My background includes work in the school setting and in the community. Specifically, I have experience in areas of anxiety, depression, mood disorders, Autism Spectrum Disorder, ADHD and life transitions.
I approach my client work with empathy and compassion. It is my hope to meet my clients where they are in order to build a trusting relationship while working together toward each individualized goal. As a therapist, I find most reward in helping clients focus on their strengths and use them to increase self-esteem and sense of purpose. I have a history of working with children, families and adults from diverse backgrounds. My background includes work in the school setting and in the community. Specifically, I have experience in areas of anxiety, depression, mood disorders, Autism Spectrum Disorder, ADHD and life transitions.
(872) 250-4499 View (872) 250-4499
Photo of Benjamin J Lyons, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Benjamin J Lyons
Counselor, MACG, MAEd, LCPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60626  (Online Only)
Most of my clients have known something is off for a long time. Perhaps it's a persistent challenge to finish projects, a tendency to double-book yourself, or an inability to read a room. Maybe it's the sense that you're working a lot harder than the people around you to make the same progress. What recent research tells us is that ADHD and Autism are as much as 300% more common than we previously believed. That means a lot of folx have been missed, esp. women, AFAB, tans, NB, and POC folx. My work is centered on helping folx identify what's "off" and what we can do about it to support wellness and quality of life.
Most of my clients have known something is off for a long time. Perhaps it's a persistent challenge to finish projects, a tendency to double-book yourself, or an inability to read a room. Maybe it's the sense that you're working a lot harder than the people around you to make the same progress. What recent research tells us is that ADHD and Autism are as much as 300% more common than we previously believed. That means a lot of folx have been missed, esp. women, AFAB, tans, NB, and POC folx. My work is centered on helping folx identify what's "off" and what we can do about it to support wellness and quality of life.
(773) 897-5112 View (773) 897-5112
John A. Garver Jr.
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, AM, LCSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60618  (Online Only)
I conceptualize therapy as a mutually created, deeply personal experience. No two therapies will ever be exactly alike given that we are all unique individuals shaped by the stories, desires, and expectations of ourselves and others. I start from a place of deep humility and honor, knowing that coming to therapy means turning to a professionalized stranger for help with what may be extremely difficult sufferings. In the beginning there may not be words for what is wrong, where it hurts, why things are the way they are. This is where we start. Together. Courageously.
I conceptualize therapy as a mutually created, deeply personal experience. No two therapies will ever be exactly alike given that we are all unique individuals shaped by the stories, desires, and expectations of ourselves and others. I start from a place of deep humility and honor, knowing that coming to therapy means turning to a professionalized stranger for help with what may be extremely difficult sufferings. In the beginning there may not be words for what is wrong, where it hurts, why things are the way they are. This is where we start. Together. Courageously.
(773) 328-8347 View (773) 328-8347
Photo of Melissa J Miller, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Melissa J Miller
Psychologist, PsyD, MA, LCP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60657
I am a licensed clinical psychologist with experience working with adolescents and adults.I use a variety of techniques to help clients discover positive ways of coping and responding to the difficulties they face. I value the psychologist-client relationship and strive to establish a connection with each client based on empathy and understanding of each individual's needs. I assist clients in developing ways to cope with life stressors and establish/maintain personal relationships. In the therapeutic process, I focus on an individual's strengths and encourage clients to use strengths to enhance their lives and attain their goals.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist with experience working with adolescents and adults.I use a variety of techniques to help clients discover positive ways of coping and responding to the difficulties they face. I value the psychologist-client relationship and strive to establish a connection with each client based on empathy and understanding of each individual's needs. I assist clients in developing ways to cope with life stressors and establish/maintain personal relationships. In the therapeutic process, I focus on an individual's strengths and encourage clients to use strengths to enhance their lives and attain their goals.
(773) 295-6320 View (773) 295-6320
Photo of Kirsten S Langley, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Kirsten S Langley
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60607
Not accepting new clients
Dr. Langley is a compassionate therapist, dedicated to understanding and supporting her clients in times of need. She has helped children, adolescents, adults, couples and families overcome the challenges they face. Working with at-risk teens or adults battling depression, helping children with autism or counseling couples; Dr. Langley focuses on each individual's unique journey, while maintaining a strong grounding in theory, neurobiology and current research. Dr. Langley practices a psychodynamic, relational approach to therapy. We can make long lasting change only when we are able to explore our own narratives that have lead us to where we are.
Dr. Langley is a compassionate therapist, dedicated to understanding and supporting her clients in times of need. She has helped children, adolescents, adults, couples and families overcome the challenges they face. Working with at-risk teens or adults battling depression, helping children with autism or counseling couples; Dr. Langley focuses on each individual's unique journey, while maintaining a strong grounding in theory, neurobiology and current research. Dr. Langley practices a psychodynamic, relational approach to therapy. We can make long lasting change only when we are able to explore our own narratives that have lead us to where we are.
(312) 548-0078 View (312) 548-0078

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Chicago, IL

3,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Chicago, IL who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
77% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
67% Coping Skills
67% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

95% BlueCross and BlueShield
60% Aetna
49% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Chicago, IL see their clients

63% In Person and Online
37% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
18% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Chicago?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.